espe
GRAMMAR
UNIT A3
LESSON 1ª
Examples:
What´s John´s brother´s
First name? (Cual es el primer
nombre de los hermanos de Jonh)
What´s Arturo´s father´s
First name?
What´s Fanny´s mother´s
First surname?
What´s Fanny´s son´s
second name?
What´s your brother´s
First name?
→Singular sister´s
What´s your
greatgrand mother´s middle name?
→Plural sisters´
What are your
sisters´ name?
Singular
- · What´s your mother´s First name?
My mother´s name is
Fanny
- · What´s your god father´s name?
My god father´s name is
Jesús
- · what´s your teacher´s name?
My teacher´s name is
Marlene
Plural
- · What are your brothers´ name?
My brothers´ names´ are
Jerry and Johan
- · What are your ancles´ name?
My ancles´ names are
Isacc, Aquiles and Wilson
- · What are your parents´ name?
My parents´ nemes are
Exercises
SINGULAR
- · What´s your god mother´s name?
My god mother´s name is Irlanda
- · What´s your father´s First name?
My father´s First name is Arturo
- · What´s your brother´s name?
My brother´s name is Jerry
PLURAL
- · What are your grandparents´ names?
My grandparents´ names are Rosa and Luis
- · What are your sisters´ names?
My sisters´ names are Daysi and Soledad
- · What are your Great-grand parents´ names?
My great-grand parents´ names are Martha and Roberto
WRITE
A short paragraph
about daily routine after that, next them and finally.
I get up at 5 o`clock after that have shower,
before have a breakfast, Igo in university at 7 o´clock but the star study 8
o´clock and Igo a work at 1 o´clock.
Saturday March
16th 2013
The use of Third singular person
1. When you have a verb
that ends in sh,ch,o,x, you add es:
Watch – Watches
Brush – Brushes
Fix – Fixes Third singular person (he,
she, it)
Go – Goes
Wash -- Washes
EXAMPLES:
·
(+) She watches TV every day
·
(-) She doesn´t watch TV
every day
·
(?) Does she watch TV every
day?
·
+ Yes, she does
-
No,
she doesn´t
2.
When you have a verb that ends in y you change the y by ies:
Study – Studies
Cry – Cries
Third singular person (he, she, it)
Copy – Copies
Fly – Flies
3. When you have a verbs
that ends in “e” you simple
write s:
Write – Writes
Make – Makes
4.
Exceptions
vowels and consonant
Play – Plays
Buy – Buys
·
To the rest of the verbs you write s.
POP QUIZ
1
·
(+) He watches a film in the
morning
·
(-) He doesn´t watch a film
in the morning
·
(?) Does he watch a film in
the morning?
+ Yes, he does
- -
No,
he doesn´t
1.
2
·
(+) She brushes hair in the
evening
·
(-) She doesn´t brush hair
in the evening
·
(?) Does she brush hair in
the evening?
·
+ Yes, she does
·
- No,
she doesn´t
2.
3
·
(+) She fixes the house in the
saturday
·
(-) She doesn´t fix the
house in the saturday
·
(?) Does she fix the house
in the Saturday?
·
+ Yes, she does
·
- No,
she doesn´t
3.
4
·
(+) He goes movie in the
afternoon
·
(-) He doesn´t go movie in
the afternoon
·
(?) Does he go movie in the
afternoon?
·
+ Yes, he does
·
- No,
he doesn´t
4.
5
·
(+) He washes car in the
house
·
(-) He doesn´t wash car in
the house
·
(?) Does he wash car in the
house?
·
+ Yes, he does
· - No,
he doesn´t
5.
6
·
(+) She studies matematics
in the school
·
(-) She doesn´t study
matematics in the school
·
(?) Does she study
matematics in the school?
·
+ Yes, she does
·
- No,
she doesn´t
6.
7
·
(+) John cries in the stadium
·
(-) John doesn´t cry in the
stadium
·
(?) Does John cry in the
stadium?
·
+ Yes, he does
· -
No,
he doesn´t
7.
8
·
(+) Mary copies in the exam
·
(-) Mary doesn´t copy in the
exam
·
(?) Does Mary copy in the
exam?
·
+ Yes, she does
· -
No,
she doesn´t
8.
9
·
(+) Carlos flies in the airplane
·
(-) Carlos doesn´t fly in
the airplane
·
(?) Does Carlos fly in the
airplane?
·
+ Yes, he does
· - No,
he doesn´t
9.
10
·
(+) Jonathan plays in the park
·
(-) Jonathan doesn´t play in
the park
·
(?) Does Jonathan play in
the park?
·
+ Yes, he does
·
- No,
he doesn´t
EXERCICES
When would you
like to practice sport?
Where would you
like to Travel?
Where would you
like to go this year?
How many places
would you like to visit?
Why would you
like to go there?
Who would you
like to go with?
SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS
THE VERB BE AND DO
BE
·
You
are the new dress
·
You
are in the park
·
You
were with Carlos
·
You
are in the office
·
Mary is in her new job
·
You
were in the house
DO
·
How
are you new?
·
Do you like your job?
·
Where
does Julian play?
·
Did they go to sing?
·
Where
does Anna study?
·
Do you like your ice cream?
ANSWER AND QUESTIONS
·
Why doesn´t Yessica want
to walk up the Pasochoa mountain?
I haven´t got good
sueter
·
How high is the Pasachoa
mountain?
The Pasachoa Montain
high is 3 thousand meters
·
How far is the station?
2 Kilometres
·
How can you get to the
station?
There´s a bus from here
to the station
·
How long´s the round
trip on the train?
The round trip 2 hours
·
What´s at the top of the
mountain?
There´s a coffee net
·
Why doesn´t Yessica want
to go on this trip?
It´s cold
DESCRIBE PLACE
I´d like to visit
Salinas beach
·
This place is a beautiful, it´s nice blue wáter
·
It´s not like the weather is hot
·
It´s place has persons agreeable
·
It´s place has meal delicious
Saturday April
13th 2013
SIMPLE PAST VERBS
(-)She didn`t
write a letter
(+) She wrote a
letter
(?)Did she write
a letter?
Yes, she did
No, she didn`t
Did you go to
Brazil?
No I didn`t but
I went to Europe
SIMPLE PAST TO BE
(PROFESSION, ADJECTIVE, PLACES)
I was happy on my vacations
My mother was a teacher 20 years ago
My mother wasn`t a teacher 20 years ago
Was your mother a teacher?
Yes, she was
No, she wasn`t
EXCERSISES
I went to Otavalo. I visited
to the shops and restaurants. I bought a T-shirt and I ate a delicious
foot. I was happy in this place. I walked in the park in the afternoon. I was beautiful church.
1) Where would you like
study to night?
I would like study in the north because is near for me
2) What would you like
to visit from Quito?
I would like to visit historic center because is popular and attractive.
3) When would you like
to go to the cinema?
I would like to go in the afternoon
4) What would you like
learn at university?
I would like learn work
5) How many places would
you like to visit?
I would like to visit the Panecillo, Basilica, and museum in Quito
6) Where would you like
to go tomorrow morning?
I would like go to the Basilica church
SENTENCES
I would you like to practice
What kind of sport would you like to practice?
I would like to practice
skiing
Saturday April
20th 2013
LIKE/ WOULD LIKE
LIKE NEGATIVE
now
I like skating I
don´t
He likes playing basketball He doesn´t
Does he like playing basketball?
Yes, he does
No, he doesn´t
WOULD LIKE
|
|||
He would like to play basketball
(gustaría)
I´d like to play
He´d like to play
Negative: He wouldn´t like to play
?: Would he like to play basketball?
Yes, he would
No, he wouldn´t
Examples:
·
They
like to cook
·
They
like cooking (practice)
·
I
like playing basketball
·
I
like listening to music
·
I don´t like watching TV
·
I don´t like playing volleyball
·
I´d like to go Galápagos
·
I´d like to go France
·
I wouldn´t like to go to the park
·
I wouldn´t like to go a Japan
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Do you like playing?
She likes playing
basketball
What do you like to do?
She likes to watch TV
Would you like to playing soccer?
Yes, she likes Because,
is interesting and fun
What would yoy like to do?
She would like to go the
cinema because, she wants to watch in the movie.
ABILITY
|
CAN + VERB
(SIMPLE FORM)
|
COULD + VERB
(SIMPLE FORM)
|
|
PRESENT(NOW)
|
PAST
|
|
(+) He can write
poetry
(-) He can´t write poetry
(?) Can he write
poetry?
Yes, he can
No, he can´t
He is able to write poetry?
Is he able to write
poetry?
Yes, he is
No, he isn´t
|
He could practice
sports when he was younger
He could go to the
party tomorrow
He could go to the
party the last Saturday
He couldn´t do
Could he cook lasagnia?
Yes, he could
No, he couldn´t
He was able to
practice sports?
Was he able to
practice sports?
Yes, he was
No, he wasn´t
|
Saturday April 27th 2013
COMPARATIVES
11)
One syllable adjectives
you colde(er) + than
Short shorter than
Small smaller than
Old older than
Large larger than
Big bigger than
Hot hotter than
White whiter than
Red reder than
Young younger than
Show shower than
Fat fatter than
Could colluder than
Long longer than
Thin thiner than
Black blacker than
Examples
·
John is smaller than Carlos
·
Arturo is older than Fanny
·
Juliet car is bigger than mine
22) Second rule
Happy happier than
Crazy crazier than
Dry drier than
Hungry hungrier than
Angry angrier than
Examples
·
She is happier than Carla
·
Jerry is angrier than Johan
33) Rule Adjectives with more than 2 syllables
Interesting
Expensive
Dangerous
Beautiful
Marrelous
+ than
Fascinating
Confortable
Difficult
Boring
Examples
·
Chino mandarin is more difficult than Frances
·
Quito is more beautiful than Tulcan
·
Daysi is more beautiful than Jenny
SUPERLATIVE
One person than
group
1) The est
2) The rest
3) The most
11) Rule
Guayaquil is the
hottest of the Ecuador
Arturo is oldest
of the family
22)
Rule
Juan is angriest
of the class
Raul is the most
of the group
33) Rule
Quito is the most interesting in the Ecuador
FACT- OPINIONS
OPINIONS FACTS
Beautiful blue
Amazing
old
Honderful big
Interesting
Fascinating
1) Beautiful old
castle
2) Pretty little
city
3) Beautiful old
village
4) Horrible big
dog
5) Interesting
blue book
EXCERSISES
E: where shall
we do?
J: we could go
to the beach
E: yes, good idea
or we could go to Galapagos
J: better go to
beach
E: yes, we could
arrive to Salinas
J: I would like
practice surfing and you
E: I would like
practice wind surfing
J: we could go
to a restaurant
E: yes, what you
would like eat?
J: I would like
eat ceviche and you
E: I would like
eat encebollado
J: How much to
spend?
E: I spent one
hundred dollar and you?
J: me too
GOING TO
I am going to watch a cooking program in order to learn how to prepare
delicious food.
EXAMPLES:
€
I am going to watch a documentary animals in order to
learn how to care.
€
I am going to watch a weather forecast in order to
know how to dress today
€
I am going to watch an
film acting in order to learn to act
€
I am going to watch an animation in order to know how
to do jokes.
Saturday May
04th 2013
PRESENT PERFECT
Have you ever + Vpp+Complemet?
Have you eaten
sushi?
Yes, I have
No, I haven´t
Have your ever
been with two at the same tine?
Have you ever
sung in the university?
Have you ever
thoght of your friends boyfriends?
Have you ever
swum in the river?
Have you ever
drink tequila?
UNIT 4
4 A CAN / COULD (requests)
for things
|
Can/Could I have a cup of tea, please?
|
for
permission to do something
|
Can/Could I open the door, please?
|
for someone
to do something
|
can/Could you help me, please?
|
Could I
/ Could you …? Is more polite and formal tan Can I / Can you …?
4 B PRESENT PERFECT WITH A PRESENT RESULT
Use the present to talk about something which happened in the past, but has important results now.
Past action
|
Present result
|
I/You/We/They‘ve washed the cups.
|
The cups are clean now.
|
He/She/It´s broken the computer.
|
The computer doesn´t work now.
|
The form
the present perfect, use have/has + a past participle.
4 C PRESENT PERFECT (+)(-)(?)
+ (´ve=have, ´s= has)
|
-( haven´t=
have not, hasn´t=has not)
|
?
|
I/You/We/They´ve fed the dog
|
I/You/We/They haven´t fed the dog
|
Have I/you/we/they fed the dog?
|
He/She/It´s broken the computer.
|
He/She/It hasn´t washed the towels.
|
Has he/she/it washed the towels?
|
Short answers
|
|
Yes, I/you/we/they have.
Yes, he/she/it has.
|
No, I/you/we/they haven´t.
No, he/she/it hasn´t.
|
4 D PRESENT PERFECT WITH EVER / NEVER
Use ever and never with the present perfect for emphasis.
Ever + present perfect questions
|
=at any time before now
|
Have yoy ever travelled abroad?
|
Never +
present perfect positive form
|
=at no time before now
|
We´ve never been to Canada.
|
4 E PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
Use the present perfect to talk about an event which happened at some time before now. It isn´t important exactly when it happened.
Use the past simple to talk about an event which happened in the past and is not connected to now.
Present perfect
|
Past simple
|
I´ve been to London this year
He´s never played chess.
We´ve visited Dublin twice.
|
I went to London last week.
He didn´t play chess yesterday.
We went to Dublin twice last year.
|
Use expressions of unfinished time with the present perfect, and expressions of finished time with the past simple.
Expressions of unfinished
time
|
Expressions of finished
time
|
Before now, today, this week, in my life
|
Last summer, yesterday, last week, in 2001,
when I was five.
|
UNIT 5
5 A ADVERBS OF DEGREE
Use adverbs of degree tos ay how mucha an adjective is true.
+/-
|
+++/- - -
|
|
Neutral + positive
adjectives
|
These jeans are quite comfortable
|
Lara´s dress is very pretty.
This shirt is really nice.
|
Negative + negative
adjectives
|
Peter´s a bit lazy.
Those clothes are a Little boring.
|
These trousers are too expensive.
|
The opposite of too is enough.
Use an adverb of degree before an adjective, but use
enough after an adjective.
5 B WILL / SHALL (OFFERS AND PROMISES)
Use will / shall to make offers and promises.
Promises
|
Will /
won´t + verb
|
I won´t forget to post your letters.
We´ll send you a postcard.
You won´t find a cheaper computer.
|
offers
|
Will /
shall + verb
|
I´ll open the door for you.
Shall I lend you some Money?
|
·
Use will / won´t +
infinitive without to.
·
Use will / won´t in a
statement and shall in a question.
5C phrasal verbs with on and off
Many phrasal verbs have two parts, a verb and an adverb. For example: try on; try is the verb and on is the adverb.
Phrasal verb + noun
|
Verb + noun +
adverb
Verb + adverb
+ noun
|
Can I try this dress on?
Can I try on this dress?
|
Phrasal verb +
pronoun
|
Verb + pronoun + adverb
Not Verb + adverb + pronoun
|
Can I try it on?
Can I try it on?
|
5D must/mustn´t
Use must/mustn´t to talk about rules. Must means it is important to do something.
Mustn´t means it is important not to do something.
Must + verb
Mustn´t + verb
|
You must pay for things before you leave the shop.
He mustn´t
eat in the shop
|
·
Use
must/mustn´t + infinitive without to.
Object pronouns
Use a subject pronoun to say who/what does an action.
Use an object pronoun to say who/what receives the action.
Subject pronouns
|
Object pronouns
|
|
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
|
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them
|
He doesn´t like me.
I´ll meet you.
Can you hear him?
Listen to her.
I sent it yesterday.
Can you help us?
Don´t drop them.
|
Use an object pronoun in the place of a noun and after a verb.
Can you hear John? <Can you hear him?
6B have to/don´t have to
Use have to/don´t have to to talk about obligation.
Use don´t have to to show it´s not necessary to do something.
+
|
-
|
?
|
I/you/we/they
have to start work now.
|
You/we
they don´t have to start work now.
|
Do I/you/we/they have to start work now.
|
He/she/it has
to start work now.
|
He/she/it doesn´t have to start work now.
|
Does he/she/it have to start work now?
|
6C past simple: irregular verbs
Regular
verbs
|
End whit –ed
(see 2D)
|
Change
> changed open > opened
Close >
closed print >
printed
|
Irregular
verbs
|
be >
was/were lose > lost
drive >
drove run > ran
|
For a list of irregular verbs, see >> p.148
6D past continuous
Use the past continuous to talk about actions in the past which were in progress at a particular time.
+
|
-
|
?
|
I/he/she/it was sitting in the garden.
|
I/he/she/it wasn´t sitting
in the garden.
|
Was I/he/she/it
sitting in the garden?
|
You/we/they were playing tennis.
|
You/we/they weren´t playing tennis.
|
Were You/we/they playing tennis?
|
short answers
|
|
Yes, I/he/she/it was.
|
No, I/he/she/it wasn´t.
|
Yes, you/we/they were.
|
No, you/we/they weren´t.
|
6D past continuous and past simple
Use the past continuous and the past simple together to describe two things that happen at the same time in the past.
Use the past continuous to describe a longer action which started first, and was in progress.
Past continuous
|
Past simple
|
I was driving in the rain
|
And I crashed
|
Were they having dinner
|
When you arrived?
|
6E clause linking with when
Use when to join actions in the past continuous and past simple.
I was waiting for the
train.
It started to rain.
|
I was waiting for the
train when it started to rain.
When it started to rain,
I was waiting for the train.
|
Past time expressions
Use a past time expression with a past tense to say when something happened.
Last
night/month/Friday/weekend
|
I saw a car accident last
month.
|
Yesterday, yesterday morning
|
They caught the criminal yesterday.
|
The day before yesterday
The week before last
|
Somebody knocked down miss
Setter the day before yesterday.
|
Two days/ a week/a month/a year ago
|
We bought this car two years ago.
|
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